7 Vaccines Under Clinical Trails: Coronavirus Vaccine in a year - Sowmya Swaminathan (WHO)

• coronavirus vaccine status has given by Sowmya Swaminathan, chief scientist of WHO( world Health Organisation) within 1 year COVID-19 Vaccine will come. 7 vaccines under advanced stage of development (US-2, UK-2, China-2, Germany-1). These are under human trails called clinical trails the advanced stage of vaccine development.

Coronavirus vaccine status is the current awaiting topic to know the details, corona vaccine news also going viral now, why because COVID-19 prevented by universal immunization only, by following lock down, maintaining physical distance not enough to prevent this noval Coronavirus.

Generally vaccine development takes 10years of time, this much lengthy process and stages are there in the vaccine development. But WHO chief scientist Sowmya Swaminathan said within one year corona vaccine will come out, means the development is going fadevelopmentsarch and development of EBOLA vaccine tooks 5years to come, and for ZIKA virus vaccine tooks 2years.

Hopes on Covid Vaccine:
After the development of COVID vaccine there may be patent rights and added commercialism. In 1955, Jonas Salk discover polio vaccine, he announced patent rights of this polio vaccine  for mankind. Companies may think commercially as they invest money and time, they may expect. If reasonable cost or free of cost the vaccine should avail soon this lead to COVID free world.
Research and development of  Coronavirus Vaccine:

• As per corona virus vaccine news by Times Now University of Oxford conducted 1st trail in Europe.
• Pre-clinical trails of COVID vaccine conducted in Australia, in that vaccine injected to animals observed results.
  
• Status of corona virus vaccine given by CNBC , defence minister of Israel, Naftali Benett  announced officially that they developed 'passive vaccine'  i.e the vaccine develops antibodies against corona virus. This passive vaccine developed by IIBR (Israel Institute of Biological Research).
• Italian scientists developed vaccine that neutralises noval Coronavirus vaccine. Italian news agency ANSA declared, covid  vaccine testing at Rome's Spallanzani institute. Based on DNA protein called SPIKE, vaccine will be injected intramuscularly, followed by brief electric impulse. It is generating functional antibodies especially in lung cells.
• Covid vaccine  News by Hindustan times  30 COVID-19 vaccines in different stages of development - prime minister Narendra Modi( India).
• UK trails and research on COVID-19 Vaccine and Plasma Therapy, enrolled 510 healthy participants, 187 volunteers, age between 18-55. University of Oxford's Jenner Institute developed Vaccine named as ChAdox1nCov-19.

COVID Vaccine development Stages: Generally there are two main stages in developing any vaccine, these stages not ment for only coronavirus vaccine.

Pre-clinical development Stage: vaccine formulation, conducting research, virus study, concluding the behavior of virus all these comes under 1st stage.
Clinical development stage: This consists of 4 phases of trails.
Phase-1: primary and small range trails come under this.
Phase-2: Human trails, testing against artificially injected virus in the human body comes under this.
Phase-3: observing hundreds of studies by age, sex, genetical hystory,vaccine history of the person, stage of virus infection etc..
Phase-4: post licence stage, people thought that after getting licence virus will come out, but scenario is no like so. It will take some time in this stage too. Safety and efficacy are the main factors we need to consider in vaccine development.
As per the statement of Sowmya Swaminathan, the chief scientist of WHO 7 vaccines are under clinical trails but in which of clinical trails not yet cleared any way hope soon.
Type of Vaccine - COVID-19:
There are 4 types of vaccines exist.
1.Live-attenuated: Vaccines used for Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Rota virus, Smallpox, yellow fever, Chickenpox are comes under type-1.
2.Inactivated: Hepatitis flue, Polio virus, Rabies are the examples of type-2 vaccines.
3.Subunit, recombinant, poly-saccaride and Conjugate Vaccines: Hemophilus influenza type-B, Hepatitis, Whooping Cough, Pneumonic disease vaccines exist under type-3.
4.Toxic vaccines: Diphtheria, Tetanus vaccines are type-4.
Under research vaccines:

• Recombinant vector vaccines
• DNA vaccines
• RNA vaccines
• Type-5 Vector based recombinant COVID-19 vaccine named as Ad5-n Cov

Final Word:
Early vaccine formulation not only depends on how effective research is going on, also the cooperation among countries. Competitive spirit in the research of Coronavirus vaccine makes a mistake that that same research under goes more than one country, rather than different research in several countries. Maintaining Physical distance, lockdown not enough to eradicate COVID-19.  Universal immunization by Coronavirus vaccine is the only way ahead, to eradicate.