US-Trump vs Russia-Putin| Vaccine Nationalism| Oxford- Madorna-Bharath-Bio-Sputhnic V| which is reliable?

Russia officially launched a Covid Vaccine Sputhnic V, president Putin declared the 1st dose of Sputhnic V given to his daughter too. US president Trump gave a statement that Russia Vaccine is not reliable. Britain's Oxford Vaccine AustraZeneca under Clinical trail, Bharath Bio Tech also under 2nd phase clinical trails. Vaccine Nationalism raises all over the world, instead of Global cooperation among countries Vaccine Nationalism is developing this is not a good sign. In the decade of 1950-60 also space nationalism was there.

Globally 165 Vaccine researches have started, 31 among those are under progress and US Madorna Institute of medical sciences, Britain's Oxford Austrazeneca, India's Bharath Bio Tech COVAX, China vaccine are under top list.

Developing Phases and research data has to share and updates to WHO and the chief scientists and expert members reviews has to consider and guidelines has to follow,comments has to discuss on the factors like safety, efficacy and durability of the vaccine. Then only adverse effects after vaccination can be eliminated.

Research and human clinical trails data has to publish in the top medical journals like Lancet,New England Journal of Medicine etc, and reviews of experts all over the world taken in to consideration. These reviews and discussions and debatable issues can eliminate the risk and side effects after vaccination.

How are Vaccines developed?
Animal trails

Human clinical trails has to conduct on different regions, places, healthy people, people who are suffering from long term health issues, pregnant women, children, senior citizens etc.

Safety, efficacy and durability of the vaccine has to test in the stages of human clinical trials.

Weak immune response

Neutralising antibodies has to develop
Original Antigen Sin should avoid.

Less adverse effects

In the journal Bio Statistics by MIT group of scientists in the survey and research on 4.06 Lakh human clinical trials of Vaccine/ drug developments taken into consideration and finally concluded that phase 1 and 2 success rate is 58% phase 3 success rate is 85%

Actual vaccine development tools 10years but because of urgency entire world is trying to develop as early i.e 1 or 2years

In one of the famous journal Nature published that in a person who have recovered from Covid-19, after recovery antibodies withstand up to the period of 2-3 months after that there is a chance of attack of Covid. So this indicates the durability of the vaccine.

Russia- Putin Vaccine-Reliability

US- Trump Reseach- Statements

Vaccine Nationalism is developing in the countries which Covid vaccine research is going on. Vaccine race,  thinking about own identity and comercial aspect of the vaccine marketing  all these collective effect may become danger to the man kind. Because in the the vaccine development sfety, efficacy and durability has to check in several clinical trails in different phases of development. Statistical data based results of clinical trails under the guidance of expert decisions vaccine development will progress.
Final Word:
US- Trump (vs) Russia - Putin, India's Bharath Bio Tech,Britan's Oxford etc. are in the vaccine trails, here global cooperation need among the countries. Instead of cooperation , vaccine Nationalism is developing among countries globally this is not good for the man kind. As entire world suffering from Covid-19 and economical crisis, every country needed their contribution in developing vaccine.

CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 ?? TREAT/PREVENT: Which drug eradicate COVID-19?

Coronavirus disease 2019, became pandemic, death bell rings globally, it is quite common that several questions raised in our minds regarding treatment, prevention and eradication.

World Health Organisation(WHO) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Officially not announced any drug or vaccine to prevent COVID-19.

Being human, curious questions revolves around us like:

• What happening in Quarantine room?
• How the doctors treat COVID-19?
• Which drug can cure Coronavirus Disease?
• If I get infected, can I stay alive?

For shot while forget about above questions.
Do you know How drug works on human

body?
If you take a pill with glass of water it enter to stomach, small intestine,Liver and then blood.
One funny thing is, drug don't know the infected part, but there exists a bond between drug and infected part, like lock and key. Liver release the drug dosage and concentration in to the blood flow. Drug circulates every cell of the body and search for its matching lockset i.e infected part.
In order to find formula of the Drug to eradicate specific virus we have to study the following:

• Incubation period
• Life time 
• Climate conditions that the virus can bare
• Medium of transfer
• Paracyte that carry the virus etc.

To study the virus and to find anti dote it tooks time, that's what happening in current situation of COVID-19. That is why World Health Organisation (WHO) and Food and Drug Administration ( FDA) have not declared any drug regarding Coronavirus disease 2019.
Drugs currently used in various countries for treating COVID-19 patients are:

• Hydroxychloroquine-  cure Malaria
• Azithromicin-- cure  lung infections.
• Paracetamol--- control fever
• Lopinavir and Ritonavir--- usally prefered for HIV patients.
  

Note: The above drugs not allowed to use orally. Under doctor observation dosage can be prescribed, according to the patient age,weight and symptoms of Coronavirus disease.

How COVID-19 patients treated?CASE STUDIES:

• A 54 year old man get recovers in South Korea when treated by HIV curable drugs Lopinavir and Ritonavir.
• Death rate due to COVID-19 in India is less compared to Italy because the following reason are also play crucial role in the death rate of Coronavirus disease 2019:
• Vaccination history
• Genetical immunity
• Health history

• Most of the Italians not prefer vaccines and 60% of the Italy population are above 50 years old , where as an in India Vaccination starts from infant stage and also 40% of India's population are in between 20-40 years old

Which drugs have significant results?CURRENT FACTS:

• Out of 205 COVID-19 suffering countries mostly believes that Hydroxycholoroquine anti malaria drug can significantly reduce Coronavirus disease 2019.
• President of USA Donald Trump stated that Hydroxychloroquine is a Game changer also asked India to send the drug.
• President Jair Bolsonaro(Brazil) stated Hydroxychloroquine as an ideal drug for all diseases.
• Currently Hydroxychloroquine has top priority among all the drugs in the treatment of COVID-19.

FINAL WORD:

There is no Hydroxychloroquine until lakhs of people died of Malaria. Lopinavir and Ritonavir not formulated till thousands of people suffer from HIV. Always there is a challenge by virus. Hope very soon the drug will formulate to cure COVID-19. Take necessary measures to prevent corona and Stay healthy and remind that Health is wealth.

7 Vaccines Under Clinical Trails: Coronavirus Vaccine in a year - Sowmya Swaminathan (WHO)

• coronavirus vaccine status has given by Sowmya Swaminathan, chief scientist of WHO( world Health Organisation) within 1 year COVID-19 Vaccine will come. 7 vaccines under advanced stage of development (US-2, UK-2, China-2, Germany-1). These are under human trails called clinical trails the advanced stage of vaccine development.

Coronavirus vaccine status is the current awaiting topic to know the details, corona vaccine news also going viral now, why because COVID-19 prevented by universal immunization only, by following lock down, maintaining physical distance not enough to prevent this noval Coronavirus.

Generally vaccine development takes 10years of time, this much lengthy process and stages are there in the vaccine development. But WHO chief scientist Sowmya Swaminathan said within one year corona vaccine will come out, means the development is going fadevelopmentsarch and development of EBOLA vaccine tooks 5years to come, and for ZIKA virus vaccine tooks 2years.

Hopes on Covid Vaccine:
After the development of COVID vaccine there may be patent rights and added commercialism. In 1955, Jonas Salk discover polio vaccine, he announced patent rights of this polio vaccine  for mankind. Companies may think commercially as they invest money and time, they may expect. If reasonable cost or free of cost the vaccine should avail soon this lead to COVID free world.
Research and development of  Coronavirus Vaccine:

• As per corona virus vaccine news by Times Now University of Oxford conducted 1st trail in Europe.
• Pre-clinical trails of COVID vaccine conducted in Australia, in that vaccine injected to animals observed results.
  
• Status of corona virus vaccine given by CNBC , defence minister of Israel, Naftali Benett  announced officially that they developed 'passive vaccine'  i.e the vaccine develops antibodies against corona virus. This passive vaccine developed by IIBR (Israel Institute of Biological Research).
• Italian scientists developed vaccine that neutralises noval Coronavirus vaccine. Italian news agency ANSA declared, covid  vaccine testing at Rome's Spallanzani institute. Based on DNA protein called SPIKE, vaccine will be injected intramuscularly, followed by brief electric impulse. It is generating functional antibodies especially in lung cells.
• Covid vaccine  News by Hindustan times  30 COVID-19 vaccines in different stages of development - prime minister Narendra Modi( India).
• UK trails and research on COVID-19 Vaccine and Plasma Therapy, enrolled 510 healthy participants, 187 volunteers, age between 18-55. University of Oxford's Jenner Institute developed Vaccine named as ChAdox1nCov-19.

COVID Vaccine development Stages: Generally there are two main stages in developing any vaccine, these stages not ment for only coronavirus vaccine.

Pre-clinical development Stage: vaccine formulation, conducting research, virus study, concluding the behavior of virus all these comes under 1st stage.
Clinical development stage: This consists of 4 phases of trails.
Phase-1: primary and small range trails come under this.
Phase-2: Human trails, testing against artificially injected virus in the human body comes under this.
Phase-3: observing hundreds of studies by age, sex, genetical hystory,vaccine history of the person, stage of virus infection etc..
Phase-4: post licence stage, people thought that after getting licence virus will come out, but scenario is no like so. It will take some time in this stage too. Safety and efficacy are the main factors we need to consider in vaccine development.
As per the statement of Sowmya Swaminathan, the chief scientist of WHO 7 vaccines are under clinical trails but in which of clinical trails not yet cleared any way hope soon.
Type of Vaccine - COVID-19:
There are 4 types of vaccines exist.
1.Live-attenuated: Vaccines used for Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Rota virus, Smallpox, yellow fever, Chickenpox are comes under type-1.
2.Inactivated: Hepatitis flue, Polio virus, Rabies are the examples of type-2 vaccines.
3.Subunit, recombinant, poly-saccaride and Conjugate Vaccines: Hemophilus influenza type-B, Hepatitis, Whooping Cough, Pneumonic disease vaccines exist under type-3.
4.Toxic vaccines: Diphtheria, Tetanus vaccines are type-4.
Under research vaccines:

• Recombinant vector vaccines
• DNA vaccines
• RNA vaccines
• Type-5 Vector based recombinant COVID-19 vaccine named as Ad5-n Cov

Final Word:
Early vaccine formulation not only depends on how effective research is going on, also the cooperation among countries. Competitive spirit in the research of Coronavirus vaccine makes a mistake that that same research under goes more than one country, rather than different research in several countries. Maintaining Physical distance, lockdown not enough to eradicate COVID-19.  Universal immunization by Coronavirus vaccine is the only way ahead, to eradicate.

Convalescent Plasma Therapy : Can Plasma Therapy Viable(COVID-19 Remedy), till a Vaccine developed??

Convalescent plasma therapy is current trail for the patients who are suffering from Corona virus disease. Plasma of a person who was already infected by so called virus,and get recovered, is injecting to the patients as an experimental medicine. It means the plasma has developed antibodies to fight with the virus, and the same plasma will recover the patient too.  This is termed as Convalescent plasma therapy.

Convalescent plasma therapy is not new, for last 2 decades it has been using for the patients, suffering from EBOLA, SARS(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome), MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome), H1N1 influenza.  For these diseases Convalescent plasma transfusion gave good results and for COVID-19 also it is working.
WHO also not Officially declared as treatment. We should not consider this as solution to eradicate Corona virus disease, this is just a trail.

How Convalescent plasma therapy help us?
  Convalescent Plasma Transfusion is Potential Therapy in COVID-19 medical trails.After injecting plasma to the patient as per case studies anti bodies improves rapidly,

•  Lymphocytes count starts increasing,
• Decreasing C- reactive protein.

As per medical standards:

 C- reactive protein:
1-2.9  mg/liter ;Intermediate risk.
Less than 1 mg/liter;Intermediate risk.
Lymphocytes:
1000-4800/micro liter in adults.
3000-9500/micro liter in children.
Observations:

• Decreasing viral load in the infected body.
• Decreasing in time to discharge.
• Decreasing mortality rate.
• In Wuhan city in China, epicenter of Corona virus disease, also used this therapy to recover the patients early.Effectiveness of Convalescent Plasma Therapy in severe COVID-19 here are some studies.
• Dosage of 200ml of Convalescent plasma given to the 10 patients, the results were good enough to cure.
• Disappeared viraemia in 7 days.
• Paraclinical criteria increased rapidly within 3 days.
• Radiology examination indicates good results.
• C-reactive protein decreased from 55.98mg/liter to 18.13 mg/liter.Anti bodies increased up to 1:640 in 5 cases.
• Lymphocytes count increased from 0.65x10^9/L to 0.76x10^9/L.
• Treatment of 5 critically I'll patients with COVID-19 were suffered and might have multi organ failure in such critical , situation Convalescent plasma therapy used after 10 to 22 days of admission SOFA was improved. Sequential organ failure Assessment, its range of illness 0 to 24.

How far we depend on Plasma Therapy?Convalescent Plasma Therapy not be consider as solution, but it's results on COVID-19 patients so far, will drives us to discuss. Safety one of the considerable factor in solidarity trials, in case of any bad results we can't face the consequences. Health experts using this as solidarity trail because no vaccine developed for COVID-19 so far. In case of Ebola, MERS SARS also doctors used this therapy till, vaccine developed.
Any way Safety and efficacy need to be consider while using this therapy, this has to be decided by medical experts. There exists risk factor too, in using this, that is why international medical councils not declared officially. Still research is going on we hope soon vaccine will develop.
Final Word:
Though Convalescent plasma therapy has succeeded in some cases and there are no adverse impacts by this therapy. Safety and efficacy are the two factors to be consider in using plasma therapy. Any way its giving hope to people and may become game changer too. But medical experts decisions play vital role in using plasma therapy.