Convalescent Plasma Therapy : Can Plasma Therapy Viable(COVID-19 Remedy), till a Vaccine developed??

Convalescent plasma therapy is current trail for the patients who are suffering from Corona virus disease. Plasma of a person who was already infected by so called virus,and get recovered, is injecting to the patients as an experimental medicine. It means the plasma has developed antibodies to fight with the virus, and the same plasma will recover the patient too.  This is termed as Convalescent plasma therapy.

Convalescent plasma therapy is not new, for last 2 decades it has been using for the patients, suffering from EBOLA, SARS(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome), MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome), H1N1 influenza.  For these diseases Convalescent plasma transfusion gave good results and for COVID-19 also it is working.
WHO also not Officially declared as treatment. We should not consider this as solution to eradicate Corona virus disease, this is just a trail.

How Convalescent plasma therapy help us?
  Convalescent Plasma Transfusion is Potential Therapy in COVID-19 medical trails.After injecting plasma to the patient as per case studies anti bodies improves rapidly,

•  Lymphocytes count starts increasing,
• Decreasing C- reactive protein.

As per medical standards:

 C- reactive protein:
1-2.9  mg/liter ;Intermediate risk.
Less than 1 mg/liter;Intermediate risk.
Lymphocytes:
1000-4800/micro liter in adults.
3000-9500/micro liter in children.
Observations:

• Decreasing viral load in the infected body.
• Decreasing in time to discharge.
• Decreasing mortality rate.
• In Wuhan city in China, epicenter of Corona virus disease, also used this therapy to recover the patients early.Effectiveness of Convalescent Plasma Therapy in severe COVID-19 here are some studies.
• Dosage of 200ml of Convalescent plasma given to the 10 patients, the results were good enough to cure.
• Disappeared viraemia in 7 days.
• Paraclinical criteria increased rapidly within 3 days.
• Radiology examination indicates good results.
• C-reactive protein decreased from 55.98mg/liter to 18.13 mg/liter.Anti bodies increased up to 1:640 in 5 cases.
• Lymphocytes count increased from 0.65x10^9/L to 0.76x10^9/L.
• Treatment of 5 critically I'll patients with COVID-19 were suffered and might have multi organ failure in such critical , situation Convalescent plasma therapy used after 10 to 22 days of admission SOFA was improved. Sequential organ failure Assessment, its range of illness 0 to 24.

How far we depend on Plasma Therapy?Convalescent Plasma Therapy not be consider as solution, but it's results on COVID-19 patients so far, will drives us to discuss. Safety one of the considerable factor in solidarity trials, in case of any bad results we can't face the consequences. Health experts using this as solidarity trail because no vaccine developed for COVID-19 so far. In case of Ebola, MERS SARS also doctors used this therapy till, vaccine developed.
Any way Safety and efficacy need to be consider while using this therapy, this has to be decided by medical experts. There exists risk factor too, in using this, that is why international medical councils not declared officially. Still research is going on we hope soon vaccine will develop.
Final Word:
Though Convalescent plasma therapy has succeeded in some cases and there are no adverse impacts by this therapy. Safety and efficacy are the two factors to be consider in using plasma therapy. Any way its giving hope to people and may become game changer too. But medical experts decisions play vital role in using plasma therapy.

Lockdown Affects Nature: Is COVID-19 Lockdown helping nature?

Lockdown is a measure to control COVID-19 but it controls pollution by limiting emissions of carbon, sewages, poisonous gases this leads to restore the nature. Lockdown applied in more than 200 countries especially, in the countries contributing major industrial share of global production.

Like US,China,Japan,Germany, Europe countries.. Huge industrial shut downs, less traffic in all the ways road, water way  aviation became advantages to nature restoration. All the international flights, domestic flights not allowed to fly. There is no goods transports except essentials as a result fuel consumption became less.
Is nature bouncing back?
Due to less carbon emissions, greenhouse gasses emissions, sewage enters in to water bodies like ponds, canals,rivers and sea. All these activities leads to decrease in global warming, Ozone layer healing, significant decrease in air pollution.

In very rare situations these type of global leads to new breath to the nature and man kind. By keen observation of history after every crisis, decrease in emission of Carbon dioxide(CO2), Nitrogen dioxide(NO2), chlorofluorocarbons(CFC), carbon, carbon monoxide(CO), methane(CH4).... For example the following 3 crisis situations we can find that

• After world war 1 and 2: Industrial infra structure collapsed globally and for some period was like lockdown, to restart the factories and few years latter carbon emissions started increasing. 
• During Soviet Union Collapse: During this world faces recession and industrial sector became inactive and emissions decreased for short while, again started increasing.
• During global financial crisis 2008-09:  Carbon emissions decreased to 1.4% after 9 years i.e: by 2018 increased to 16%.

There are so many pollution control measures like

• Anti pollution acts,1974 water pollution control act,1981 Concerning protection against pollution & Concerning waste, etc.
•  Global environmental movements, 
• Paris agreement on climate change and to control green house gases and carbon emissions, violated by US

All these actions have never given an expected results,but coronavirus lockdown is giving us Unintended Benefits for healthy climate.
Global emissions - Case studies:

• Satellite images given by NASA,ESA,CREA indicates that Venice canal 60 years clear.
• Himalayas looking clear due to decrease in air pollution levels.

• NO2 emission in China decreased 36% less than earlier ,200MT of carbon emissions decreased.
• Green house gases decreased 25% CO2 as 15-40% industrial production under shut down.
• Columbia university research in Network road traffic decrease by 35% as a result CO2 and methane levels decreased.
• Aviation sector contributes 2.4% of CO2 emission and 5% of Global warming, during lockdown all the international air lines and domestic air lines are not permitted to fly.
• Earth's layer protective layer from UV radiations was depleted due to pollution, but during this lockdown restoration of the layer speeds up, actually the major contribution of Ozone layer restoration is Montreal protocol 1987. University of Colorado Boulder.
• Gangatic dolphins more visible in VGBS Bihar India,  due to increase in AQI
• Pollution causes breathing problems, and corona virus effects on lungs and breathing problems so reduction of pollution helps in corona treatment.

As per the article info given by The Guardian.com

• China Italy UK,Germany and other decreased CO2 and NO2 greater than 40%
• Europe reduces 390MT Carbon Emissions
• China reduces 18% carbon emissions
• US fall by 40% CO2

As per the article Forbes.com

Ocean has much needed breathing space.
On the other hand according to the Forbes.com nature healing is not only by lockdown it's also by the precautionary measures and mitigation techniques several countries has crucial role.

Is lockdown needed every year to bounce back nature?
For the reduction of global warming we follow every year like that lock down for few days will helps to restore nature. But good governance needed for pollution free world.

• Effluent plants for reducing air pollution and sewage treatment plants to prevent water pollution needed. 
• Strict guide lines and rules should be followed by government not required any lockdown.
• Pollution control and awareness on protecting nature is not an yearly maintenance, it has to be a part of our life time activity.

Final word:
Nature healing prices is not only by lockdown for decades pollution control measures has been coming in to result now,  lockdown has a role in it. Past history we can get conformation that these emissions may increase in coming years, as every country has to boost up productivity in order to fill economy gap.

Kim Jong-Un North Korea Supreme : Is Kim really in danger??

'Kim Jong-Un' supreme leader of North Korea since 2011. Many speculations are circulating all over the world on Kim disappearance. North Korea a neighbouring country of China the epicenter of COVID-19, instead of discussing this pandemic disease entire world keep an eye on Kim's disappearance because of his activities and ruling.

Source of speculations on Kim Jong-Un's health are unique and different attitude of Kim, secrecy maintained by North Korea. Generally most isolated country in the world has to bare all these consequences. The point to be noted that world top countries like US and China made interesting comments and also activities too.
How speculations initiated?
The last appearance of Kim was on 11th April,2020  in Workers Party Politburo Meeting as a leader of workers party.
After that did not attend his grand father Kim-il Sung's birth day occasion On 15th April,2020 , this made the world to speculate on Kim Jong-Un disappearance.

His habit of smoking, Obesity made him sever illness and  treating under cardiovascular procedure. On the other hand he may severely infected by COVID-19.
What leads to strengthen speculations on Kim Jong-Un?

• President Donald Trump made a statement that Kim was in grave danger after heart surgery. Also Trump wishes him for speed recovery. Satellite images NASA of North Korea indicates that Kim has been staying at his compound Wonsan for several days.
• On 23rd,April,2020 China sent a team consisting of  expert doctors and required medical needs.

Top countries US and China stated that Kim is really in danger.
Why the world paying attention on Kim Jong-Un?

• While the entire world engaged by corona virus pandemic disease, surprisingly Kim Jong-Un busy in missile testings.
• Electronic and print media of North Korea also maintains high degree of secrecy in publishing internal issues of the country.
• There exists strict restrictions on usage of internet and telecoms services.

• In 2014 also Kim Jong -Un was disappeared for more than one month, in that situation also there was chance of spreading speculations on Kim's health. Finally after 40 days North Korean media announced that ankle Surgery of Kim Jong -Un makes him disappear. As a result he face the world with a limb that supported to walk.
• In 2008, Kim Jong-il  father of Kim Jong-Un disappeared few months, world suspected  heart stroke and he died after 3 years.
• His military activities seems to give challenge other countries and US also reacted strongly on this issue.

Final word:
Trump wishes Kim for "speedy recovery", China 'sent expert doctors', Japanese media stated "Kim is in Vegetative State". on the other side South Korea stated "Kim is alive and Well remains all are rumours". All the factors made the world to portrait Kim Disappearance in different perspective and kept an eye on him.

75 years ago US Dollar($) became International Reserve Currency: Will US Dollar dethrone after COVID-19 Crisis?

Coronavirus disease epicentre located at Wuhan city in China, but recovered from COVID-19, US ranks first in COVID-19 cases, and still fighting against it, nobody knows how long it will take. In this situation so many speculation on US dollar($)
 Is it a death of dollar supremacy?
Is it end of US dollar dominance?

For every crisis there is an opportunity after world war 1&2 European dominance and its currency Euro dominance decreased at that US dollar starts increasing.
 In 1944 after world war-2 US dollar($) declared as global currency by Breton woods. For last 75 years US dollar has been on the center stage, most of the countries reserve currency in US dollar only, hence called as International Reserve Currency.

In 1970 US dollar($) replace gold standards, but in the early 80's and period 1991-93 declined little and recovered.

By the end of 2006 Euro replaced dollar in many areas like foreign exchange reserves 29%-Euros ,66% dollars;cross boarder transactions 39% Euros,43% dollars; in this way Euro was competitor at that time but Euro strength tied to European Union(EU) strength. In the period of 2009-12 Euro strength started falling due to Eurozone Crisis. On 5th April,2020 Euro ahead of dollar i.e Euro/USD=1.0778. Currently for a short while euro starts increasing.
As of now China occupied digital currency place, Peoples bank of China has been working on digital currency for five years. In 2002 China's GDP 4% of the world Scarce disease started in China but that's not spread like Corona, because in 2020 China GDP 16% of the world's GDP, i.e 120 countries including US have trade relationship with it. But China yuan can't beat US dollar.

US former president George W. Bush wrote a book named "Treasure war" in 2013, Russia approached China  in 2008 to coordinate sale of government sponsored debt to generate financial crisis in America, but China declined.
Strength of US Dollar?
Transparency of US fiscal policies are strong aspect of dollar dominance. Natural resources, science and technology, patent rights and innovation of US companies all these dominance will play in strengthening the dollar. Cultural dominance, weapons of mass destruction all these factors make US dollar as supreme of all currencies. Though some European countries raising technical challenges, the countries like China also a good competitor in manufacturing sector, Russia in space mission operations and researches but these countries don't have geo economical supremacy, military supremacy, intellectual, innovations like US. Only few days of  health disaster can't effect the US dollar dominance.
Final Word:
Dollar dominance is not only an economical factor, it includes geo economical strength, political strength,military supremacy etc. Leads to US dollar dominance. Neither Euro nor yuan can not beat US Dollar dominance. US has clear enough to prevent competitors for dollar($).

President Trump signs moon mining order: will US Conquer Moon?

United States of America Worlds top country, currently ranks first in Coronavirus diseaese suffering also,during this pandemic situation, Donald Trump signs an executive order to mine off the world resources for US companies. On 6th April, 2020 President Trump signed an executive order on moon mining and outer space resources. This is not the first step that US,for years off the world resource activities has been going on.

1967-Outer Space Treaty: US, Soviet Union and UK combined agreement regarding off the world  resources it includes Moon, Mars, asteroids etc. The main objective of this treaty was long term sustainability of human exploration and development. By  recent executive order given by President trump, this treaty puts to an end.
1979-Moon Agreement: In this joint statements given by the signed countries that safe and sustainable operation for commercial recovery and usage of outer space resources. In this US not signed and gave a reason,non scientific usage of outer space resources must be governed by the international regulations. By the recent executive order violating this reason.
2015 Barrac Obama passed law:
Global Commons not to be treated like combined asset of all. Congress government passed a law that allowing US companies and citizens to use off the world resources and plan to establish sustainable human presence by 2028, on Moon.
Forbes report:  Mission Artemis-3 in the year 2024, two astronauts (1male & 1female) will land on Moon south pole. Will become 1st moon walkers in the 21st century.
How the world reacts?
Russia stated and reacted on Trumps executive order on off the world mining, as Colonialism.. US treats Space resources are legally and physically unique domain of human activity instead of global commons.

On the other side China on 3rd Jan,2019 started a space of program of new wealth creation on moon, that's quite oppositely to NASA model, by China National Space Administration (CNSA) for economic and social development,space resource exploration.
Russia and China combined space programs also there in competition to NASA mission.
Is Moon mining threat to the world peace?
As per chronological history of world wars that initiated, by natural resources like Crude oil and many Gulf wars, there may be wars will be initiated by outer space mining also.

In 2003 Iraq versus UK&US war is one of the example for crude oil war. In front of UNO, US president George W. Bush showed a reason of violating human rights in the Saddam Hussein government but all the world knows that's a crude oil war.
Like that in  2011 Libian civil war and death of M.Gaddafi.

In future there may be a chance of peace disturbance by outer resource mining, if there no international regulations on outer space mining.
One side governments and corporate companies investing huge amount of money, they invest by expecting commercial benefit, they don't go for casual off the world visit. On the other hand issue of global commons, Moon is for all, not to single country.
UNDP report: Every individual has equal right to utilize natural resources avail on earth, but in present scenario it's not like so. Average fuel consumption of an American citizen equal to 300 Nepalians. UNDP said about resources avail on the earth, and curently the same scenario will occurs in off the world resources too.
Final Word:
Strict international regulations needed globally for Outer space mining rights, research. Otherwise world peace disturbance may occur in future due to dominance of richest countries.

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Crisis: Is Crisis driving world towards Recession?

Coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) crisis symptoms, remind that's not disease symptoms, crisis symptoms driving world towards economic recession.

 Mr.Antonio Gutters, Secretary- General of  UNO stated coronavirus crisis is a worst crisis since world war-2. This crisis gives a challenge of lives vs livelihood, one side there is a big number of deaths all over the world, on the other hand world economic recession. To know how far worst the current crisis, let us try to understand by these points:

• World Economy
• Role of International Organizations
• Current Scenario of the world Economy.
• Steps to be taken as per Economy Experts.

What about the world Economy?
1/3rd of the world is under lock down and around 70% of the economy is in sleep mode. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic eradication takes time, now coming to the worry about economic recession, few sectors are working in this crisis are,

• Work from home: These sectors of economy has not not effected by COVID-19 crisis, even in the lock down situation there is no disturbance for these. Example: IT industries, few online services etc.
• Digital Economy: software, telecom,Networking etc.
• Essential services: Medical, pharma, sanitary, water,Electricity, Transport of essential goods, Ambulance etc.

Except the above sectors remaining economy the world is not working, there is chance of Economic recession, food insecurity, decrease in income of common people.To understand world economy i.e: 50% of the world economy collectively by USA,China,EU.
By March,2020 observations GDP share of world economy, Top GDP Countries are

1. US (23.6% of world's GDP)
2. China (15.5% of World' GDP)
3. Japan (5.67% of World's GDP)
4. Germany (4.25% of World's GDP)
5. India (3.23% of World's GDP)

More than 50% of GDP in world economy comes under the above 5 Countries suffer from crisis now. World Economy refers not only the above 5 countries but  here the question is, Even the top 5 GDP share countries of the world can't fight against crisis then what about the remaining?
For these international organisations has to play crucial role to come out from the recession.
What is the Role and Response of International Organisations?
G20,WTO,IMF,WB and WEF

G20:
Group of 19 countries & European Union which contributes 85% of the world Economy and 2/3 of the world population.

In the recent summit  "An Economic Emergency Council" for Presidents and Prime Ministers the following decisions has taken:

• Established World Premier Economic Crisis Management Organisation.
• Injected $5 trillion to combat COVID-19 crisis.
• Agreement on supply of essential medicines and medical facilities among the member countries.
• Agreement on cooperation of Agricultural sector,products and in the supply of food grains.
• Strengthen World Health Organisation (WHO) and its activities during this pandemic situation.

WTO(World Trade Organization):

• 164 countries as members and Trade negotiations, settling trade disputes, maintain trade flow among members as functions.
• Recently stated that world trade expected to fall by between 13%-32% in 2020, this indicates that COVID-19 pandemic disrupt the normal economic facilities and lives.
• Every country will suffer by double digit declines in 2020.
• Exports from Asia and North America effects more.

IMF(International Monetary Fund):

•  Functions: International trade, secure financial stability,sustainable economic growth, increasing employment, poverty reduction for all 189 member countries.
• Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva gave priorities for global economy, the Secured lending capacity of serve member countries as $1 trillion.
• Quick response to an unprecedented emergency financing requests from 90 countries so far.

WB (world Bank):

• 189 countries and functions comprises of IDA (International Development Association), IBRD (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development), IFC (International Finance Corporation), ICSID (International Centre for Investment Disputes), MIGA (Multilateral Investor Settlement and Guarantee Agency)
• 160 billion dollars over next 15months as a broader program.

WEF (World Economic Forum):

• Said that Cooperation needed among governments, international organisations and business communities, as countries with great recession can't fight alone.

 What is the current scenario of world Economy?

• Global Supply Chain Disruption all over the world leads to decrease in production, increase in unemployment, decrease in individual income, can't buy essential needs, decrease in demand. Again cycle starts decrease in production. According economy terminology this cycle is called economic cycle. Vicious Cycle (vs) Virtuous Cycle.

• Unemployment in Informal Economy increases, based on"Government Respond Stringency Index"  by university of Oxford, ILO (International Labor Organization) declared 200crores of labor thrown into unemployment from unorganized sector who are working in informal economy. 20% of this 200 crores i.e 40 crores of unorganized labor from India alone.

• UNO: As per recent update of United Nations Organization, world economy going to recession, except China and India. Internal market, man power, geographical advantages all these reasons may cause to survive from recession in countries like India and China. As per  India's demographics 40% of Indians i.e 62 crore (620million) are 20-40 year old. Decreases institutional Credit availability, means banks will not ready to sanction loans for unorganized labor leads to poverty and number of people under BPL increases.

Steps to be taken by Government:

• Employment retention schemes should be implemented by Govt.
• Unemployment allowances needed, employment intense sector should be developed in order to protect wages for and to maintain statutory minimum income of the common man.
• Inflation control measures should be taken.
• It's better to concentrate on sectors of mass consumption of goods and service sector.

Final word:

• Every crisis gives an opportunity, Over night growth is impossible. There is no magic pill to boost up the economy. Contribution of economic experts, committees on various sectors needed for every country.